Parkinson Disease subtype: morphostructural and neurobiological correlates

Abstract

The current view of malady reconsider PD as a complex clinicopathological entity, where the proteiform multiorgan involvement results from convergent multifactorial biomolecular substrates. It follows that, from a clinical point of view, PD presents as an extremely heterogeneous disorder with a wide range of symptoms and scarcely predictable progression trajectories. Therefore, it become necessary subtyping PD in order to better define the pathogenic process, the clinical progression and the response to treatment. However, the precise mechanistic insights are hindered by the lack of understanding of how risk variants and environment functionally connect to the pathogenesis and progression of PD. In this term, the subtypes in Parkinson disease could not be easily ascribable to discrete clinical entities, but rather the resultant of a multifactorial continuum influenced by several genetic, epigenetic, age-related and environmental factors.